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class 11 ncert part 1  |
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class 12 ncert part 2  |
class 11 chemistry part 1
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CONTENTS
Unit 1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
1.1 Importance of Chemistry
1.2 Nature of Matter
1.3 Properties of Matter and their Measurement
1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
1.5 Laws of Chemical Combinations
1.6 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.7 Atomic and Molecular Masses
1.8 Mole concept and Molar Masses
1.9 Percentage Composition
1.10 Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations
1.2 Nature of Matter
1.3 Properties of Matter and their Measurement
1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
1.5 Laws of Chemical Combinations
1.6 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.7 Atomic and Molecular Masses
1.8 Mole concept and Molar Masses
1.9 Percentage Composition
1.10 Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations
Unit 2 Structure of Atom
2.1 Sub-atomic Particles
2.2 Atomic Models
2.3 Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom
2.4 Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
2.5 Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
2.6 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
2.2 Atomic Models
2.3 Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom
2.4 Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
2.5 Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
2.6 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
Unit 3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
3.1 Why do we need to Classify Elements ?
3.2 Genesis of Periodic Classification
3.3 Modern Periodic Law and the present form of the Periodic Table
3.4 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number > 100
3.5 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table
3.6 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements:
s, p, d, f-Blocks
3.7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements
3.2 Genesis of Periodic Classification
3.3 Modern Periodic Law and the present form of the Periodic Table
3.4 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number > 100
3.5 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table
3.6 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements:
s, p, d, f-Blocks
3.7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements
Unit 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 96
4.1 Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
4.2 Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
4.3 Bond Parameters
4.4 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
4.5 Valence Bond Theory
4.6 Hybridisation
4.7 Molecular Orbital Theory
4.8 Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
4.9 Hydrogen Bonding
4.2 Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
4.3 Bond Parameters
4.4 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
4.5 Valence Bond Theory
4.6 Hybridisation
4.7 Molecular Orbital Theory
4.8 Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
4.9 Hydrogen Bonding
Unit 5 States of Matter
5.1 Intermolecular Forces
5.2 Thermal Energy
5.3 Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions
5.4 The Gaseous State
5.5 The Gas Laws
5.6 Ideal Gas Equation
5.7 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
5.8 Behaviour of real gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
5.9 Liquifaction of Gases
5.10 Liquid State
5.2 Thermal Energy
5.3 Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions
5.4 The Gaseous State
5.5 The Gas Laws
5.6 Ideal Gas Equation
5.7 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
5.8 Behaviour of real gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
5.9 Liquifaction of Gases
5.10 Liquid State
Unit 6 Thermodynamics
6.1 Thermodynamic State
6.2 Applications
6.3 Measurement of ΔU and ΔH: Calorimetry
6.4 Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of a Reaction
6.5 Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions
6.6 Spontaneity
6.7 Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium
6.2 Applications
6.3 Measurement of ΔU and ΔH: Calorimetry
6.4 Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of a Reaction
6.5 Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions
6.6 Spontaneity
6.7 Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium
Unit 7 Equilibrium
7.1 Equilibrium in Physical Processes
7.2 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
7.3 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
7.4 Homogeneous Equilibria
7.5 Heterogeneous equilibria
7.6 Applications of Equilibrium Constants
7.7 Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G
7.8 Factors Affecting Equilibria
7.9 Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts
7.11 Ionization of Acids and Bases
7.12 Buffer Solutions
7.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts
7.2 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
7.3 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
7.4 Homogeneous Equilibria
7.5 Heterogeneous equilibria
7.6 Applications of Equilibrium Constants
7.7 Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G
7.8 Factors Affecting Equilibria
7.9 Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts
7.11 Ionization of Acids and Bases
7.12 Buffer Solutions
7.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts
class 11 chemistry part 2
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CONTENT
Unit 8 Redox Reactions
8.1 Classical Idea of Redox Reactions-Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
8.2 Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions
8.3 Oxidation Number
8.4 Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes
8.2 Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions
8.3 Oxidation Number
8.4 Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes
Unit 9 Hydrogen
9.1 Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table
9.2 Dihydrogen, H2
9.3 Preparation of Dihydrogen, H2
9.4 Properties of Dihydrogen
9.5 Hydrides
9.6 Water
9.7 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
9.8 Heavy Water, D2O
9.9 Dihydrogen as a Fuel
9.2 Dihydrogen, H2
9.3 Preparation of Dihydrogen, H2
9.4 Properties of Dihydrogen
9.5 Hydrides
9.6 Water
9.7 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
9.8 Heavy Water, D2O
9.9 Dihydrogen as a Fuel
Unit 10 The s-Block Elements
10.1 Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals
10.2 General Characteristics of the Compounds of the Alkali Metals
10.3 Anomalous Properties of Lithium
10.4 Some Important Compounds of Sodium
10.5 Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
10.6 Group 2 Elements : Alkaline Earth Metals
10.7 General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals
10.8 Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium
10.9 Some Important Compounds of Calcium
10.10 Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium
10.2 General Characteristics of the Compounds of the Alkali Metals
10.3 Anomalous Properties of Lithium
10.4 Some Important Compounds of Sodium
10.5 Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
10.6 Group 2 Elements : Alkaline Earth Metals
10.7 General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals
10.8 Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium
10.9 Some Important Compounds of Calcium
10.10 Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium
Unit 11 The p-Block Elements
11.1 Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
11.2 Important Trends and Anomalous Properties of Boron
11.3 Some Important Compounds of Boron
11.4 Uses of Boron and Aluminium and their Compounds
11.5 Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
11.6 Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon
11.7 Allotropes of Carbon
11.8 Some Important Compounds of Carbon and Silicon
11.2 Important Trends and Anomalous Properties of Boron
11.3 Some Important Compounds of Boron
11.4 Uses of Boron and Aluminium and their Compounds
11.5 Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
11.6 Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon
11.7 Allotropes of Carbon
11.8 Some Important Compounds of Carbon and Silicon
Unit 12 Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
12.1 General Introduction
12.2 Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds
12.3 Structural Representations of Organic Compounds
12.4 Classification of Organic Compounds
12.5 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
12.6 Isomerism
12.7 Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
12.8 Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
12.9 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds
12.10 Quantitative Analysis
12.2 Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds
12.3 Structural Representations of Organic Compounds
12.4 Classification of Organic Compounds
12.5 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
12.6 Isomerism
12.7 Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
12.8 Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
12.9 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds
12.10 Quantitative Analysis
Unit 13 Hydrocarbons
13.1 Classification
13.2 Alkanes
13.3 Alkenes
13.4 Alkynes
13.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbon
13.6 Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
13.2 Alkanes
13.3 Alkenes
13.4 Alkynes
13.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbon
13.6 Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
Unit 14 Environmental Chemistry
14.1 Environmental Pollution
14.2 Atmospheric Pollution
14.3 Water Pollution
14.4 Soil Pollution
14.5 Industrial Waste
14.6 Strategies to control Environmental Pollution
14.7 Green Chemistry
14.2 Atmospheric Pollution
14.3 Water Pollution
14.4 Soil Pollution
14.5 Industrial Waste
14.6 Strategies to control Environmental Pollution
14.7 Green Chemistry
class 12 chemistry part 1
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Table of Contents
- Unit 1 The Solid State 1.1 General Characteristics of Solid State
1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids
1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
1.5 Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
1.6 Close-Packed Structures
1.7 Packing Efficiency
1.8 Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
1.9 Imperfections in Solids
1.10 Electrical Properties
1.11 Magnetic Properties
- Unit 2 Solutions 2.1 Types of Solutions
2.2 Expressing Concentration of Solutions
2.3 Solubility
2.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
2.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
2.6 Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
2.7 Abnormal Molar Masses
- Unit 3 Electrochemistry 3.1 Electrochemical Cells
3.2 Galvanic Cells
3.3 Nernst Equation
3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
3.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
3.6 Batteries
3.7 Fuel Cells
3.8 Corrosion
- Unit 4 Chemical Kinetics 4.1 Rate of a Chemical Reaction
4.2 Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
4.3 Integrated Rate Equations
4.4 Pseudo First Order Reaction
4.5 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
4.6 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
- Unit 5 Surface Chemistry 5.1 Adsorption
5.2 Catalysis
5.3 Colloids
5.4 Classification of Colloids
5.5 Emulsions
5.6 Colloids Around Us
- Unit 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation ofElements
6.1 Occurrence of Metals
6.2 Concentration of Ores
6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
6.6 Oxidation Reduction
6.7 Refining
6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
- Unit 7 The p-Block Elements 7.1 Group 15 Elements
7.2 Dinitrogen
7.3 Ammonia
7.4 Oxides of Nitrogen
7.5 Nitric Acid
7.6 Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
7.7 Phosphine
7.8 Phosphorus Halides
7.9 Oxoacids of Phosphorus
7.10 Group 16 Elements
7.11 Dioxygen
7.12 Simple Oxides
7.13 Ozone
7.14 Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
7.15 Sulphur Dioxide
7.16 Oxoacids of Sulphur
7.17 Sulphuric Acid
7.18 Group 17 Elements
7.19 Chlorine
7.20 Hydrogen Chloride
7.21 Oxoacids of Halogens
7.22 Interhalogen Compounds
7.23 Group 18 Elements
- Unit 8 The d-and f-Block Elements 8.1 Position in the Periodic Table
8.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
8.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)
8.4 Some important Compounds of Transition Elements
8.5 The Lanthanoids
8.6 The Actinoids
8.7 Some Applications of d-and f-Block Elements
- Unit 9 Coordination Compounds 9.1 Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
9.2 Definition of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds
9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
9.7 Stability of Coordination Compounds
9.8 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids
1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
1.5 Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
1.6 Close-Packed Structures
1.7 Packing Efficiency
1.8 Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
1.9 Imperfections in Solids
1.10 Electrical Properties
1.11 Magnetic Properties
2.2 Expressing Concentration of Solutions
2.3 Solubility
2.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
2.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
2.6 Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
2.7 Abnormal Molar Masses
3.2 Galvanic Cells
3.3 Nernst Equation
3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
3.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
3.6 Batteries
3.7 Fuel Cells
3.8 Corrosion
4.2 Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
4.3 Integrated Rate Equations
4.4 Pseudo First Order Reaction
4.5 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
4.6 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
5.2 Catalysis
5.3 Colloids
5.4 Classification of Colloids
5.5 Emulsions
5.6 Colloids Around Us
6.1 Occurrence of Metals
6.2 Concentration of Ores
6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
6.6 Oxidation Reduction
6.7 Refining
6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
7.2 Dinitrogen
7.3 Ammonia
7.4 Oxides of Nitrogen
7.5 Nitric Acid
7.6 Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
7.7 Phosphine
7.8 Phosphorus Halides
7.9 Oxoacids of Phosphorus
7.10 Group 16 Elements
7.11 Dioxygen
7.12 Simple Oxides
7.13 Ozone
7.14 Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
7.15 Sulphur Dioxide
7.16 Oxoacids of Sulphur
7.17 Sulphuric Acid
7.18 Group 17 Elements
7.19 Chlorine
7.20 Hydrogen Chloride
7.21 Oxoacids of Halogens
7.22 Interhalogen Compounds
7.23 Group 18 Elements
8.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
8.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)
8.4 Some important Compounds of Transition Elements
8.5 The Lanthanoids
8.6 The Actinoids
8.7 Some Applications of d-and f-Block Elements
9.2 Definition of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds
9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
9.7 Stability of Coordination Compounds
9.8 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
class 12 chemistry part 2
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Table of Contents
-
Unit 1 The Solid State 1.1 General Characteristics of Solid State
1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids
1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
1.5 Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
1.6 Close-Packed Structures
1.7 Packing Efficiency
1.8 Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
1.9 Imperfections in Solids
1.10 Electrical Properties
1.11 Magnetic Properties
-
Unit 2 Solutions 2.1 Types of Solutions
2.2 Expressing Concentration of Solutions
2.3 Solubility
2.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
2.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
2.6 Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
2.7 Abnormal Molar Masses
-
Unit 3 Electrochemistry 3.1 Electrochemical Cells
3.2 Galvanic Cells
3.3 Nernst Equation
3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
3.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
3.6 Batteries
3.7 Fuel Cells
3.8 Corrosion
-
Unit 4 Chemical Kinetics 4.1 Rate of a Chemical Reaction
4.2 Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
4.3 Integrated Rate Equations
4.4 Pseudo First Order Reaction
4.5 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
4.6 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
-
Unit 5 Surface Chemistry 5.1 Adsorption
5.2 Catalysis
5.3 Colloids
5.4 Classification of Colloids
5.5 Emulsions
5.6 Colloids Around Us
-
Unit 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation ofElements
6.1 Occurrence of Metals
6.2 Concentration of Ores
6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
6.6 Oxidation Reduction
6.7 Refining
6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
-
Unit 7 The p-Block Elements 7.1 Group 15 Elements
7.2 Dinitrogen
7.3 Ammonia
7.4 Oxides of Nitrogen
7.5 Nitric Acid
7.6 Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
7.7 Phosphine
7.8 Phosphorus Halides
7.9 Oxoacids of Phosphorus
7.10 Group 16 Elements
7.11 Dioxygen
7.12 Simple Oxides
7.13 Ozone
7.14 Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
7.15 Sulphur Dioxide
7.16 Oxoacids of Sulphur
7.17 Sulphuric Acid
7.18 Group 17 Elements
7.19 Chlorine
7.20 Hydrogen Chloride
7.21 Oxoacids of Halogens
7.22 Interhalogen Compounds
7.23 Group 18 Elements
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Unit 8 The d-and f-Block Elements 8.1 Position in the Periodic Table
8.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
8.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)
8.4 Some important Compounds of Transition Elements
8.5 The Lanthanoids
8.6 The Actinoids
8.7 Some Applications of d-and f-Block Elements
-
Unit 9 Coordination Compounds 9.1 Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
9.2 Definition of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds
9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
9.7 Stability of Coordination Compounds
9.8 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
Table of Contents
Unit 1 The Solid State 1.1 General Characteristics of Solid State
1.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
1.3 Classification of Crystalline Solids
1.4 Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
1.5 Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
1.6 Close-Packed Structures
1.7 Packing Efficiency
1.8 Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
1.9 Imperfections in Solids
1.10 Electrical Properties
1.11 Magnetic Properties
Unit 2 Solutions 2.1 Types of Solutions
2.2 Expressing Concentration of Solutions
2.3 Solubility
2.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
2.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
2.6 Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
2.7 Abnormal Molar Masses
Unit 3 Electrochemistry 3.1 Electrochemical Cells
3.2 Galvanic Cells
3.3 Nernst Equation
3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
3.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis
3.6 Batteries
3.7 Fuel Cells
3.8 Corrosion
Unit 4 Chemical Kinetics 4.1 Rate of a Chemical Reaction
4.2 Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
4.3 Integrated Rate Equations
4.4 Pseudo First Order Reaction
4.5 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
4.6 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
Unit 5 Surface Chemistry 5.1 Adsorption
5.2 Catalysis
5.3 Colloids
5.4 Classification of Colloids
5.5 Emulsions
5.6 Colloids Around Us
Unit 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation ofElements
6.1 Occurrence of Metals
6.2 Concentration of Ores
6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
6.6 Oxidation Reduction
6.7 Refining
6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
Unit 7 The p-Block Elements 7.1 Group 15 Elements
7.2 Dinitrogen
7.3 Ammonia
7.4 Oxides of Nitrogen
7.5 Nitric Acid
7.6 Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
7.7 Phosphine
7.8 Phosphorus Halides
7.9 Oxoacids of Phosphorus
7.10 Group 16 Elements
7.11 Dioxygen
7.12 Simple Oxides
7.13 Ozone
7.14 Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
7.15 Sulphur Dioxide
7.16 Oxoacids of Sulphur
7.17 Sulphuric Acid
7.18 Group 17 Elements
7.19 Chlorine
7.20 Hydrogen Chloride
7.21 Oxoacids of Halogens
7.22 Interhalogen Compounds
7.23 Group 18 Elements
Unit 8 The d-and f-Block Elements 8.1 Position in the Periodic Table
8.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements
8.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)
8.4 Some important Compounds of Transition Elements
8.5 The Lanthanoids
8.6 The Actinoids
8.7 Some Applications of d-and f-Block Elements
Unit 9 Coordination Compounds 9.1 Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
9.2 Definition of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds
9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
9.7 Stability of Coordination Compounds
9.8 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
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